This is a recently published paper from the French pre-hospital system, where both helicopters and ground ambulances are designated ‘mobile ICU’, and are staffed by an emergency physician, an ambulance officer, and a nurse.

“This original comparison of helicopter utilization in the pre-hospital context shows that severe trauma patients transported by helicopter medical teams received more aggressive therapy during the pre-hospital phase than patients transported by ground medical teams. Their probability of death was decreased with HT after adjustment for initial physiological status and trauma severity compared with patients transported by GMICU.”

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